Wincor error codes

Вернуться в Dispenser

Кто сейчас на конференции

Сейчас этот форум просматривают: нет зарегистрированных пользователей и гости: 2

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
POS Motherboard 
With Intel Celeron Processor /  
Intel Pentium III Processor (D2-CPU-Basic) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
User Manual 
 

BEETLE

 





   

 

 
 
POS Motherboard 
With Intel Celeron Processor /  
Intel Pentium III Processor (D2-CPU-Basic) 
 
User Manual 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Edition September 2003 





 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All brand and product names mentioned in this document are trademarks of their respective  
owners. 
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not permitted without 
express authority. 
Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights, including rights created by patent grant or  
registration of a utility model or design, are reserved. 
Delivery subject to availability; technical modifications possible.
 
 
Copyright ©Wincor Nixdorf International GmbH, 2003 
 





   

 

 
Contents 
Introduction..........................................................................................................1 
Overview .............................................................................................................1 
Block Diagram.....................................................................................................3 
Technical Data ....................................................................................................5 
Mechanical Arrangement ....................................................................................9 
Onboard Components.......................................................................................11 
Processor ..........................................................................................................11 
System Memory ................................................................................................11 
Graphic System.................................................................................................13 
Jumper Settings ................................................................................................14 
Audio System....................................................................................................14 
IDE Interface .....................................................................................................15 
Floppy Interface.................................................................................................15 
Changing the CPU Battery................................................................................16 
Plugin Modules..................................................................................................17 
CRT Adapter .....................................................................................................17 
PanelLink Adapter.............................................................................................17 
LAN 10/100 Adapter..........................................................................................17 
PCI Onboard LAN .............................................................................................17 
PCI Onboard VGA/4 Controller .........................................................................17 
POS Board ........................................................................................................18 
Fixed I/O Address Ranges ................................................................................19 
Interrupt Assignments .......................................................................................21 
DMA Channel Assignments...............................................................................22 
PCI-Interface.....................................................................................................23 
Devices and Functions......................................................................................23 
Additional onboard Components .......................................................................23 
Restrictions........................................................................................................24 
Plug and Play ....................................................................................................25 
Operating Modes...............................................................................................26 
General .............................................................................................................26 
Normal Mode/Standby Mode.............................................................................26 
Switching on .................................................................................................26 
Switching Off.................................................................................................26 
Power Failure................................................................................................26 
Power save Mode..............................................................................................27 
Connecting Peripherals.....................................................................................28 
Connectors for external Connections ................................................................29 
PIN-Assignment COM1*, COM2* .................................................................29 
CRT ..............................................................................................................29 
CRT ..............................................................................................................30 





 

TFT Panel Link............................................................................................. 30 
LAN 10/100 .................................................................................................. 31 
Microphone................................................................................................... 31 
Line Out........................................................................................................ 31 
Line In........................................................................................................... 32 
CD-Audio...................................................................................................... 32 
Speaker Out ................................................................................................. 32 
USB1/USB2 (on board)................................................................................ 32 
KYBD............................................................................................................ 33 
PS/2 Mouse.................................................................................................. 33 
LPT1............................................................................................................. 33 
LPT1............................................................................................................. 34 
BIOS Setup....................................................................................................... 35 
BIOS Menu Bar................................................................................................. 36 
Legend Bar ....................................................................................................... 36 
General Help..................................................................................................... 37 
Scroll Bar .......................................................................................................... 37 
Sub-Menu ......................................................................................................... 37 
Main screen ...................................................................................................... 38 
8086/1130 Rev. ID, 8086/2440 Rev. ID........................................................ 38 
System Time [XX:XX:XX] ............................................................................. 38 
System Date [XX/XX/XXXX]......................................................................... 38 
Legacy Diskette A  [Disabled], Legacy Diskette B [Disabled]....................... 39 
Primary & Secondary Master/Slave.............................................................. 39 
Installed Memory [XXX MB].......................................................................... 41 
Advanced Menu................................................................................................ 42 
Reset Configuration Data [No]...................................................................... 42 
Speaker Volume [High]................................................................................. 42 
Local Bus IDE adapter [Both] ....................................................................... 42 
SMART Device Monitoring [Disabled] .......................................................... 43 
PS/2 Mouse [Enabled].................................................................................. 43 
Large Disk Access Mode [DOS]................................................................... 43 
Legacy USB Support [Disabled]................................................................... 43 
ISA graphics device installed [No]................................................................ 43 
Boot-Video device [Onboard] ....................................................................... 43 
Onboard LAN BootProm [Enabled] .............................................................. 43 
QuickBoot Mode [Disabled].......................................................................... 44 
I/O Device Configuration .............................................................................. 44 
PCI/PNP ISA UMB Region Exclusion........................................................... 46 
PCI/PNP ISA IRQ Region Exclusion ............................................................ 46 
DMI Event Logging....................................................................................... 47 
Security Menu................................................................................................... 48 
Set Supervisor Password............................................................................. 48 
Processor Serial Number [Disabled] ............................................................ 48 
Power Menu...................................................................................................... 48 
Power State [Stay off]................................................................................... 49 





   

 

Power Savings [Disabled].............................................................................49 
Resume On Time [Disabled].........................................................................49 
Wake Up On LAN [Disabled] ........................................................................49 
HardWare Monitor ........................................................................................49 
Boot Menu.........................................................................................................50 
Exit Menu ..........................................................................................................50 
Exit Saving Changes.....................................................................................51 
Exit Discarding Changes...............................................................................51 
Load Setup Defaults .....................................................................................51 
Discard Changes ..........................................................................................51 
Save Changes ..............................................................................................51 
Test points codes ..............................................................................................52 
POS Motherboard: BEEP Codes..................................................................61 
Abbreviations.....................................................................................................66 





  Introduction  
  1 
Introduction 
This manual describes the features of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) for the 
BEETLE systems based on the Intel Celeron
TM
 Processor family and the Intel 
Pentium III
TM
 processor. With a frequency of 566 MHz up to 1.2 GHz (Celeron) 
and of 600 MHz up to 1.26 GHz (Pentium III), second level cache up to 512 KB 
and many other features, these processors guarantee an increased 
performance of your BEETLE system. 
Overview 
 
Microprocessor 
Support for the following processors: 
 
• Intel
R
 Pentium
R
III processor with 100 
MHz or 133 MHz host bus speed 
• Intel
R
 Celeron
TM
 processor with 66 MHz 
or 100 MHz host bus speed 
 
Main Memory 
Two 168-pin dual in line memory module 
(DIMM) sockets 
Supports up to 512MB of PC100 (100MHz) or 
PC133 (133MHz) Modules 
 
Chipset 
Intel
R
 Chipset 815E, consisting of: 
 
• Intel
R
 FW82815 
• Intel
R
 82801 BA 
 
PCI-ISA Bridge 
ITE Bridge IT8888F 
 
I/O Controller 
ITE I/O Cntrl. IT8712F, consisting of: 
 
• Floppy controller 
• Parallel port 
•  2 Serial Ports 
• Keyboard Interface 
•  PS/2 Mouse Interface 
• HW-Monitor 
 





Introduction 
2   
 
 
Video system 
Video Memory part of main memory 
(max. 10MB under Windows) 
including 4MB pixel memory 
 
CRT resolution up to: 
•  1600 x 1200 pixel / 8 bit color 
•  1280 x 1024 pixel / 24 bit color 
•  1024 x 768 pixel / 24 bit color 
 
TFT resolution up to: 
•  1280 x 1024 pixel / 24 bit color 
 
Audio system 
Chrystal Audio Codec CS4299 
Mono Microphone Input 
Stereo Speaker Output (2 x 1,25W @ 8Ohm) 
 
BIOS 
Firmware Hub: 4 Mbit Flash Memory  
Phoenix BIOS 4.0 Release 6.0 
 
Peripheral Interfaces 
•  PS/2 keyboard and mouse shared 
interface (y-cable optional) 
• Two serial ports 
•  One parallel port 
•  Two (Four) Universal Serial (USB) ports 
•  Two IDE interfaces with Ultra DMA 
support 
•  One FD interface 
 
PlugIn Modules 
• POS Board 
• CRT adapter 
•  Sec. Display Controller 
• LAN adapter 
• Panellink TFT adapter 
•  VGA/4 PCI controller 
•  LAN PCI controller 
 
Additional Features 
•  Wake On LAN technology 
•  Wake On Time 
 





  Block Diagram 
  3 
Block Diagram 
The block diagram shows all of the functional units of the D2 Basic - CPU. The 
physical plug-in connections to the system and external peripherals are shown 
at the bottom of the diagram. Only the most important internal connectors are 
part of the block diagram (see next page). 
 





Block Diagram 
4   
 
Graphics & Memory
    Controller Hub 
           GMCH
I/O Controller Hub
          ICH2
       82801BA
 Super I/O
  IT8712F
Firmware Hub 
       FWH
      82802
Synthesizer
     Au

d

i

o

 Code

c

 

‘

9

7

   CS4

2

9

9

   3V
Lithium
  Floppy
Interface
   EIDE
Interface
PCI Onboard
   Interface
  Serial
Interface
 RS232
 Parallel
Interface
  Voltage 
Regulator
2x22  pol.
2x8  pol. 2x13  pol.
1x4pol.
Panellink
Interface
   CRT
Interface
 Parallel
Interface

S

tatus Display
2x22  pol.
Secondary

2

x

1

7

 

p

o

l

.

Primary
2x22  pol.

2

6

p

o

l

.

 

 

F

o

i

l

 

 

 

 

 

F

D

I

n

t

e

r

f

a

c

e

2

.

5

m

m

 

 

M

o

n

o

2

.

5

m

m

 

 

S

t

e

r

e

o

M

i

c

S

p

e

a

k

e

r

1

x

4

p

o

l

.

1

x

3

 

 

p

o

l

.

C

D

-

A

u

d

i

o

L

i

n

e

 

I

n

Loudspeaker
1x4pol.

2

x

4

 

 

p

o

l

.

U

S

B

9pol.
COM1*

2

x

1

0

p

o

l

.

A

T

X

SMBus
PCI Bus
System Bus
Memory Bus

P

o

w

e

r

S

u

p

p

l

y

 

C

o

n

n

e

c

t

o

r

      SDRAM
      2 Banks
32MB....512MB
USB2

2

x

9

 

 

p

o

l

.

1x4pol.
1x3pol.
1x4pol.
1x3pol.
SMB
WOLN
PON
FAN
1x80pol.
1x100pol.
PCI-
Interface

U

S

B

3

,

U

S

B

4

 

 

I

n

t

e

r

f

a

c

e

2

x

4

 

 

p

o

l

.

U

S

B

3

,

U

S

B

4

 

 

I

n

t

e

r

f

a

c

e

Pentium III Processor >=

6

0

0

M

H

z

 

<

=

1

.

2

6

G

H

z

                                   or
Celeron Processor >=56

6

M

H

z

 

<

=

1

.

2

G

H

z

 

 

S

t

e

r

e

o

A

m

p

l

i

f

i

e

r

T

E

A

2

0

2

5

B

 





 Technical Data 
  5 
Technical Data 
Supported Systems 
BEETLE/NetPOS Basic,  
BEETLE /iPOS 
Architecture  PC-AT compatible 
Technology 
TTL,CMOS,LVT; SMD 
+ 5V, +3.3V, AGTL+ technology 
Operating Modes  Normal  Mode, Power Save Mode 
Power Management  APM 1.2 
Operating Systems 
WIN 98SE, WIN Me, WIN NT 4.0, 
WIN2000, LINUX 
Microprocessor 
INTEL Celeron
TM
  (566 MHz – 1.2 GHz) 
32 KB L1 Cache, 128/256 KB L2 Cache 
370 Pin FC-PGA package 
INTEL Pentium
R
 III (600 MHz – 1.26 GHz) 
32 KB L1 Cache, 256/512 KB L2 Cache 
370 Pin FC-PGA package 
Chipset 
Intel
R
 Chipset 815E, consisting of: 
 
• Intel
R
 FW82815 (GMCH) 
• Intel
R
 82801 BA (ICH2) 
 
Max. Resolution CRT 
1600 x 1200 pixel/ 8 color bit 
1280 x 1024 pixel/ 24 color bit 
1024 x 768 pixel/ 24 color bit 
Max. Resolution TFT  1280 x 1024 pixel/ 24 color bit 
Super I/O 
IT8712F with the following functions:  
Floppy Cntrl., Parallel Port, 2 Serial Ports, 
Keybd. Interface, PS/2 Mouse Interface, 
HW- Monitor 
 





Technical Data 
6   
 
Sound Controller 
CS4299 Audio Codec controller with the 
following AC‘97 functions:  
20 Bit Stereo DAC  and 18 Bit Stereo ADC 
Analog Line-Level Input (CD) 
Mono Mic Input (MIC) 
Stereo Line-Level Output 
Sound Connection 
Mono Microphone Input, Stereo Speaker  
Output (2 x 1,25 [email protected] 8 Ohm) 
Main Memory 
2 DIMM - sockets (168 pin), 3.3 V 
SDRAM technology, unbuffered, 
PC100/PC133 - Standard DIMM 
Height up to 35 mm 
32MB to 512MB, 
Combinations of different modules are 
possible 
PCI Interface  PCI-Bus (32 bit interface, 33MHz)  
BIOS 
>=4 MBit Flash Memory, Phoenix BIOS, PnP 
ISA/PCI Rev.1.0A DMI-Support 
Battery 
3 V Lithium for RTC and NVRAM 
Type: CR1/3 N , 160 mAh 
SDRAM Bus Frequency  100 MHz, 133MHz 
System BUS Frequency  66 MHz, 100 MHz, 133 MHz 
PCI Bus Frequency  33 MHz 
Wake On feature  Wake On LAN, Wake On Time 
Keyboard Connection  PC-AT compatible 
PS/2-Mouse Connection  via Y-cable together with keyboard 
Serial Interfaces  COM1*, COM2* 
Parallel Interface 
IEEE1284 compatible (ECP, EPP,  
PS/2 compatible) 
 





 Technical Data 
  7 
 
 
Loudspeaker 
AT-compatible, 
Volume Control defined by BIOS Setup in 3 
steps:  high-, medium-, low volume 
Floppy disk Connection 
Standard interface CMOS, NEC 765  
compatible, foil connector and 2.54 mm  
connector 
Hard disk Connection 
Local Bus IDE interface,  
Primary/Secondary for 4 drives,  
PIO Mode 0 - Mode 4, 
ULTRA DMA Mode 0 – Mode 2, 
2mm  connector for primary and  
secondary each 
USB Connection 
Version 1.1 
USB1, 2: Standard 2 port connector, series A

 

USB3,4: 2 x 4 pin connector for separate 
adapter 
PCI Plug-in card Interface  32 bit interface, 33 MHz 
Status display Connection  Support for LEDs: Power On and HD activity 
Current Consumption 
Celeron/566MHz 
256MB RAM, POS Board 
3.2 A  @  +5V  
2.0 A  @ +3.3V 
0,5 A  @ +5V Standby 
60 mA  @ +12V 
50 mA  @ -12V 
Current Consumption 
Celeron/51.2 GHz 
256MB RAM, POS Board 
4.6 A  @  +5V  
2.1 A  @ +3.3V 
0,5 A  @ +5V Standby 
60 mA  @ +12V 
50 mA  @ -12V 
 
Current Consumption 
Pentium III/1.26 GHz 
256MB RAM, POS Board 
4.3 A  @  +5V  
2.2 A  @ +3.3V 
0,5 A  @ +5V Standby 
60 mA  @ +12V 
50 mA  @ -12V 





Technical Data 
8   
 
Max. Current for keyboard  +5V:       500 mA 
Max. Current per port 
(for  COM1*,2*) 
+12V:     600 mA 
Max. Current in total 
(for COM1*,2*) 
+12V:     900 mA  
Max. Current per port 
(for COM1*,2*) 
+5V:       300 mA 
Max. Current in total 
(for COM1*,2*) 
+5V:       500 mA  
Max. Current per port 
Standard USB1,USB2, 
USB3, USB4 
+5V:       500 mA  
Fuses (Polyswitches) 
+5V 
COM1*, COM2*, USB1, USB2, 
Keyboard, Mouse 
USB3, USB4 – polyswitches on separate 
adapter 
+12V  COM1*, COM2* 
Board Dimensions  192 mm x 209 mm 
 
 
 





 Mechanical Arrangement 
  9 
Mechanical Arrangement 
The CPU comprises the printed circuit board with connectors for all external 
peripheral connections and for installing the optional plug-in cards. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

PWON

 

 

 

 

MIC

 

SPK

 

OUT 

CD

-

AUDIO

 

LINE IN

 

VGA/TFT

 

LPT

 

PCI

-

ONBOARD

 

 

VGA/CRT

 

 

GMCH 
DIMM0 

DIMM1

 

CELERON 

or

 

FD/F

 

FD

 

KYB/

 

MSE 

COM2*

 

COM1*

 

USB1/

 

USB2 

         

ATXPOWER

 

IDE2

 

IDE1

 

SP

 

LED

 

L12V

 

L5V

 

PENTIUM  III 

ICH2

 

BIOS

 

FWH

 

SuperI/O

 

IT8712F 

SuperI/O

 

IT8712F 
CS4299 

Quarz

 

LAN

 

PT

 

1

 

PCI-INTERFACE 

AC97

 

USB3,4 

MS/INT

 

 





Mechanical Arrangement 
10   
 
 
In the following configuration examples the POS –Board is assembled and 
contains the logic for COM3, COM4, COM5, COM6 and the cashdrawer. 
  COM5: Internally used; COM6: Not used 
 
 
iPOS Configuration /w internal PLINK TFT connection, LPT1 and LAN adapter 
 
 
 
 
iPOS Configuration /w internal PLINK TFT connection, LPT1, LAN adapter and 
secondary Display (CRT) connection 
 
 
 
 
iPOS Configuration /w internal PLINK TFT connection, LPT1, LAN adapter and 
secondary Display (CRT) connection 
 
 
 
 

COM2

*

 

COM1

*

 

LAN 
Cashdrw. 
MIC 
Keyb/Mouse 
USB

 

LPT

 

COM4

 

COM3

 

SPK 

COM2

*

 

COM1

*

 

LAN 
Cashdrw. 
MIC 
Keyb/Mouse 
USB

 

SPK 
LPT

 

COM3

 

COM 4

 

COM3

 

CRT

 

Display 

CRT

 

Display 
Cashdrw. 
MIC 
Keyb/Mouse 
USB

 

SPK 

COM

2

*

 

COM1

*

 

LAN 





 Onboard Components 
  11 
Onboard Components 
Processor 
The D2- CPU Basic supports Pentium III processors as well as Celeron 
processors in FC-PGA package. The released types are: 
 
Processor 
type 
Processor 
speed 
Host Bus 
frequency 
Cache size  Memory Bus 
frequency 
Celeron  566 MHz  66MHz  128 KB  100 MHz 
Celeron  1.2 GHz  100  256  100 MHz 
Pentium III  600 MHz  100 MHz  256 KB  100 MHz 
Pentium III  866 133 256 133 MHz 
Pentium III  1.26 133 512 133 MHz 
   
The frequency selection is automatically selected . Also the core voltage – which 
depends on processor type and revision version – are defined automatically by 
the processors VID pins.  
 
Attention:  
  The passive heatsink has to be installed correctly. 
  The heatsink paste is absolutely necessary. 
  The processor fan – if installed – has to be controlled whether it works 
properly, thus avoiding malfunctions of the CPU!. 
System Memory 
On the D2-CPU Basic two DIMM sockets are provided for connecting memory 
modules in SDRAM technology up to 512 MByte ( 2x 256 MB). DIMMs with 
different sizes can be used. 
One or both DIMM modules can be assembled. The DIMMs are unbuffered 3.3V 
memory modules. 
 
 
 
 





Onboard Components 
12   
 
 
       Main Memory   
Socket 1  Socket 2   Total capacity 
8MBx64  (8MBx64)  64 MB(128 MB) 
16MBx64  (16MBx64)  128 MB(256 MB) 
32MBx64  (32MBx64)  256 MB(512 MB) 
Î  Any combinations of these three DIMMs are allowed. 
 
 
The following table shows possible combinations of processors, PC100 modules 
and PC133 modules. 
FSB: Front Side Bus (Processor frequency) 
SDRAM: Ram Frequency 
 
 
  Celeron 
566 MHz

 

Celeron

 

1.2 GHz 
PentiumIII 
600 MHz 
PentiumIII 
866 MHz 
PentiumIII 
1.26 GHz 
PC100 
Module
s  
FSB  

      

66MHz 
SDRAM 
100MHz 
FSB 
100MHz

 

SDRAM 
100MHz 
FSB      
100MHz 
SDRAM 
100MHz 
FSB      
133MHz 
SDRAM 
100MHz 
FSB      
133MHz 
SDRAM 
100MHz 
PC133 
Module
s  
FSB  

      

66MHz 
SDRAM 
100MHz 
FSB 
100MHz

 

SDRAM 
100MHz 
FSB      
100MHz 
SDRAM 
100MHz 
FSB      
133MHz 
SDRAM 
133MHz 
FSB      
133MHz 
SDRAM 
133MHz 





 Onboard Components 
  13 
 
Graphic System 
The main part of the graphic system is the Graphic Memory Controller Hub 
(GMCH) – part of the chipset. It contains the complete graphic system as well as 
the memory controller. 
 
The Video memory is part of the main memory (max. 10 MB under Windows) 
including 4MB pixel memory. The Graphic Controller supports 2D and 3D 
graphics. 
 
The maximum resolution depends on the connected monitor type: 
 
Max. Resolution CRT:  1600 x 1200 pixel / 8 colors bit 
  1280 x 1024 pixel / 24 color bit 
  1024 x 768 pixel / 24 color bit 
Max. Resolution TFT:  1280 x 1024 pixel / 24 color bit 
 
Because the different Flatpanels from Wincor Nixdorf are optimized for a special 
resolution, every Flatpanel has its own jumper setting. The following 
jumpersetting is defined; unused combinations are reserved for the future. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 





Onboard Components 
14   
 
Jumper Settings 
 
PT 3
 
PT 2  PT 1 
VIDEO 
Mode
 
DISPLAY 
Size
 
Display Type / Clock Freq.

 

closed

 

closed

 

closed

 

SVGA 
TFT 12"  BA 72A (30 MHz) 
closed

 

closed

 

open 
XGA 
TFT 15"  BA 73A (65 MHz) 
closed

 

open  open 
SVGA 
TFT 12"  BA 72A–1 (38 MHz) 
open  closed

 

closed

 

VGA 
TFT 10"  640 x 480  
 
 
12” Monitor BA72A    PT: 

1

 used in BEETLE/ iPOS 
 
15” Monitor BA73A  PT: 

1

used in BEETLE/ iPOS 
 
12” Monitor BA72A-1  PT: 

1

 
 
10” Monitor 640 x 480  PT: 

1

 
 
 
Audio System 
The audio systems contains on the AC`97 compatible Sound controller – part of 
the chipset - , the CODEC ( CS4299 from Chrystal) and the audio amplifier . 
 
The stereo output is 1.25W at 8 Ohm for each channel. 





 Onboard Components 
  15 
 
IDE Interface 
For connecting IDE drives there are 2 connectors on the CPU available. The 
connectors are 2mm header, 44 pin with +5V power supply. 
 
2.5” hard disc drives and CDROM/DVD drives are connected without additional 
power lines. 
 
3.5” drives are connected via an adapter cable, which differs between the 
various BEETLE models. 
 
The interface may be driven in PIO mode 0 – mode 4 or in UDMA mode 0 – 2. 
Floppy Interface 
For connecting Floppy drives there are two different connectors on the CPU 
available. These are a 2.54mm standard header for 1” drives and a foil cable 
connector for ½” drives. 
 
Standard 1.44MB and 720KB Floppy Discs are supported. 
 
 
 





Changing the CPU Battery 
  16 
Changing the CPU Battery 
The BEETLE POS systems are equipped with a lithium battery on the CPU 
board to ensure data retention, the time and the setup parameters. The battery 
should be changed approximately every five years. 
Î  When inserting the new battery, make sure the polarity is correct. This is 
visibly marked in the socket. Incorrect replacement of the battery may lead 
to the danger of explosion. 
 
The battery is located in a socket in the CPU (see page 9). To gain access to 
the battery, proceed as described in the according chapters of your BEETLE 
User Manual. 
  The lithium battery must be replaced only by identical batteries or types 
recommended by Wincor Nixdorf.  
  You can return the used batteries to your Wincor Nixdorf sales outlet. 
  Batteries containing harmful substances are marked accordingly. The 
chemical denotations are as follows: CD = Cadmium; Pb = Lead,  
Li = Lithium. 
 
This symbol on a battery tells you that batteries containing 
harmful substances must not be disposed of as household 
waste. Follow the country specific laws and regulations. Within 
the European Union you are legally bound to return these 
batteries to the service organisation where you purchased the 
new battery. 
Î  The setup parameters must be reset each time the battery is changed. 
 
 
 
 

 





  Plugin Modules 
  17 
Plugin Modules 
CRT Adapter  
If a CRT adapter is installed, you can connect any VGA monitor (e.g. the MO34) 
to the BEETLE system via the 15-pin D-sub jack on the CRT adapter. Power is 
supplied to the monitor via the rubber connector on the BEETLE, located on the 
back of the housing. 
PanelLink Adapter 
The PanelLink adapter serves as interface for connecting BA72A, BA72A-1 or 
BA73A to the D2- CPU Basic. The TFT adapter (C2-CPU) and the PanelLink 
adapter (D1-CPU) must not  be used on the D2- CPU Basic. 
LAN 10/100 Adapter  
While the LAN  controller is part of the INTEL chipset the LAN adapter contains 
the physical layer including Ethernet address. The LAN adapter was developed 
for the D2- CPU and may be used on D2-CPU Basic as well. 
PCI Submodule LAN  
A PCI Onboard LAN controller (3Com; Realtek) may be used alternatively to the 
LAN adapter. 
PCI Submodule VGA/4 Controller  
The PCI Onboard VGA/4 controller may be assembled alternatively to any other 
PCI Onboard controller. It supports 2 monochrome displays, e.g. BA69 (5.7”) 
and BA70 (10.4”). 
 
 





Plugin Modules 
18   
 
 
POS Board 
The POS Board contains the logic for optional four further serial interfaces 
COM3 to COM6. 
 
While COM3 and COM4 are available on 9pin DSUB connectors, COM5 is used 
for internal Touch function. COM6 is not used (see also page 10). 
 
The cash drawer logic is also a part of the POS Board. 





  Fixed I/O Address Ranges 
  19 
Fixed I/O Address Ranges 
The following table contains all of the I/O address lines of the CPU. The access 
type and the bit width are specified alongside the port address and the function 
performed by the command.  
 
PORT ADDRESS   FUNCTION 
0000h-001Fh  DMA controller  
0020h-002Dh  Interrupt controller  
002Eh-002Fh LPC SIO 
0030h-003Dh Interrupt controller 
0040h-0043h Timer/Counter 
004Eh-004Fh LPC SIO 
0050h-0053h Timer/Counter 
0060h-0066h, even  LPC 
0061h-0067h, odd  NMI 
0070h-0076h, even  NMI/RTC 
0071h-0077h RTC 
0080h-0091h DMA controller 
0092h Reset 
0093h-009Fh DMA controller 
00A0h-00B1h Interrupt controller 
00B2h-00B3h Power Management 
00B4h-00BDh Interrupt controller 
00C0h-00DFh   DMA controller  
00F0h FERR#/IGNNE#/Interrupt controller 
0170h-0177h  Hard disk, primary 
01F0h-01F7h  Hard disk, secondary 
0230h-0270h  Serial interface COM4 (w/ POS board 
Type2) 
0270h-0277h  Serial interface COM4 (w/ POS board 
Type1) 
0290h-029Fh 
Hardware Monitor 
2E0h-2E8h 
Serial interface COM5 (w/ POS board) 





Fixed I/O Address Ranges 
20   
 
 
PORT ADDRESS   FUNCTION 
02F8h-02FFh 
Serial interface COM2* 
0300h-030Fh 
Reserved for testing 
0310h-031Fh POSboard 
0328h-032Fh  Serial interface COM6 (w/ POS board) 
0376h  Hard disk, primary 
03C0h-03CFh Graphic system 
03D4h-03D5h Graphic system 
03DAh Graphic system 
03E8h-03EFh  Serial interface COM3 (w/ POS board) 
03F0h-03F7h FDC primary 
03F6h  Hard disk, secondary 
03F8h-03FFh Serial interface COM1* 
04D0h-04D1h Interrupt controller 
0CF9h Reset 
F80h-FFFh GPIO addressing 
1000h-1FFFh 815E chipset addressing 
 
 





 Interrupt Assignments 
  21 
Interrupt Assignments 
The interrupt assignments correspond to the standard AT assignments plus 
POS- specific characteristics. 
 
Interrupt no.  Cause of interrupt 
IRQ0  Timer output 0 
IRQ1 Keyboard 
IRQ2 Cascade 
IRQ3 COM2* 
IRQ4 COM1* 
IRQ5  LAN / available 
IRQ6 Floppy disk 
IRQ7 LPT/available 
IRQ8 Realtime clock 
IRQ9  Power failure / available 
IRQ10 available 
IRQ11 available 
IRQ12 PS/2Mouse/available 
IRQ13 (Coprocessor) 
IRQ14 HD(Primary 
IRQ15    HD(Secondary)/available 
“Available” means the availability of PCI and/or PnP components. 
Î  One Interrupt of IRQ9, IRQ10 and IRQ11 will be used by the BIOS  
system manager. 





DMA Channel Assignments 
22   
DMA Channel Assignments 
The DMA channel assignments correspond to the assignments in the AT  
standard. 
 
DMA channel  Assignment 
DMA0 spare 
DMA1 spare 
DMA2 Floppy disk 
DMA3 spare 
DMA4  Cascade for Ctlr 1 
DMA5 spare 
DMA6 spare 
DMA7 spare 
 
DMA1 or DMA3 will be used by LPT in EPP mode. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 





  PCI-Interface 
  23 
PCI-Interface 
Devices and Functions 
The ICH2 incorporates a variety of PCI functions as shown in the table below. 
These functions are divided into three logical devices: (Bus0, Device30 ; Bus0, 
Device31 and Bus1, Device8).  
 
BUS: DEVICE:FUNCTION  FUNCTION DESCRIPTION 
Bus 0: Device 30: Function 0  Hub Interface to PCI Bridge 
Bus 0: Device 31: Function 0  PCI to LPC Bridge 
Bus 0: Device 31: Function 1  IDE Controller 
Bus 0: Device 31: Function 2  USB Controller #1 
Bus 0: Device 31: Function 3  SMBus Controller 
Bus 0: Device 31: Function 4  USB Controller #2 
Bus 0: Device 31: Function 5  AC´97 Audio Controller 
Bus 0: Device 31: Function 6  AC´97 Modem Controller 
Bus 1: Device 8: Function 0  LAN Controller 
Additional onboard Components 
There are two Onboard PCI connectors assembled on the D2 BASIC- CPU. A 
complete PCI–Bus is implemented on the Onboard PCI connector for 
assembling a POSboard. 
 
The second Onboard PCI connector may be used to assemble alternatively 
one Plug In Module with up to two PCI-Slot functionalities (double sided). 
 
 
 





PCI-Interface 
24   
 
 
Available are the LAN modules (3COM and Realtek); an Onboard VGA/4- 
Submodule and a second CRT controller. 
 
Bus 1: Device 10: Function 0  Onboard LAN- Submodule 
Bus 1: Device 12: Function 0  Onboard VGA/4- Submodule 
 
Restrictions 
  The implementation of PCI is based on the specification 2.0. 
  No support of  PCI cacheable memory (SBO# and SDONE signals are not 
on the interface connector). 
  No support of  64 bit bus extension. 
  No support of JTAG/Boundary Scan pins. 





  Plug and Play (PnP) 
  25 
Plug and Play (PnP) 
The BIOS supports PnP capabilities by managing the system resources. All I/O-
addresses, IRQ-channels and DMA channels, which are used by the system are 
marked as reserved and the remaining resources are available for the PnP –  
OS. See also BIOS specification (page 35ff). 
 
Î  COM3, COM4, COM5, COM6 are no PnP devices. They have to be set 
manually in the BIOS setup (see also table on page 19ff). 





Operating Modes 
26   
Operating Modes 
General 
The D2 BASIC- CPU provides power management functions dependent on the 
installed Operating System (OS). 
Normal Mode/Standby Mode 
Switching on 
Normal Flex ATX Power Supply will be used in D2 BASIC- CPU based systems. 
Connecting the PSU via AC line the Standby voltage P5VSB is supplied and the 
system is ready to be switched on (Standby mode). There are several 
possibilities to switch on the system. 
The “regular” way to switch on the system is to activate the temporary switch at 
the frontside of the system. 
Î  Short pressing the temporary switch will switch on the system. 
 
For powering up the system via LAN the Onboard PCI connector is provided 
with the “Wake up” signal and the Standby voltage P5VSB. 
Last not least the RTC can be used to switch on the system. 
Switching Off 
The system may be switched off either by activating the temporary switch at the 
frontside of the system or under Software Control. 
Î  Pressing the temporary switch longer than 4 seconds will switch off the 
system. 
Power Failure 
If the main power fails (AC input) for longer than 20 msec, the loss of Standby 
Voltage results in powering down the system. 
After the main power returns the system responds depending on the BIOS 
Setup setting. If in the BIOS Setup “Restore” is chosen, the system enters the 
state before Power failure. If in the BIOS Setup “Stay Off” is chosen, the system 
stays off. 





  Operating Modes 
  27 
 
Power save Mode 
The Power Save Mode supports  the following items: 
  Processor enters the “Toggle Mode” 
  Harddiscs are switched off after defined time 
  Monitor is switched off after defined time 
 
 





Connecting Peripherals 
28   

 

Connecting Peripherals 
Î  When connecting peripherals always make sure that the system is switched 
off! 
The motherboard offers a total of four serial interfaces: COM1 - COM4* and 
interfaces for connecting displays, modular printers, keyboards, USB-devices, 
loudspeaker and for the network connection. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 





 Connecting Peripherals 
  29 
 
Connectors for external Connections 
PIN-Assignment COM1*, COM2* 
COM1* and COM2* are BEETLE standard RS232 interfaces with +5V and +12V 
power lines on a 9 pin D-SUB connector, type female. 
 
PIN #  COM1*  COM2* 
1 P12VFS P12VFS 
2 RXD1 RXD2 
3 TXD1 TXD2 
4 DTR1 DTR2 
5 GNDF GNDF 
6 DSR1 DSR2 
7 RTS1 RTS2 
8 CTS1 CTS2 
9 P5VFS P5VFS 
CRT 
You have the choice of using several adapters for connecting different types of 
displays. 
 
CRT Adapter 
If a CRT adapter is installed, you can connect any VGA monitor (like the MO34) 
to the BEETLE system via the 15-pin D-sub jack on the CRT adapter. Power is 
supplied to the monitor via the rubber connector on the BEETLE, located on the 
back of the housing. 
 
The CRT interface connector is a standard 15 pin HDD-SUB connector, type 
female. 
 
PIN #  SIGNALS VID 
1 RED 
2 GREEN 
3 BLUE 
4 NC 
5 GND 
6 GND 
7 GND 
8 GND 





Connecting Peripherals 
30   
 
CRT 
PIN #  SIGNALS VID 
9 5VFU 
10 GND 
11 NC 
12 DDCSDA 
13 FHSYNC 
14 FVSYNC 
15 DDCSCL 
 
TFT Panel Link 
With a TFT Panel Link adapter you can also connect the displays BA72A (12”) 
or BA73A (15”) via the 40 pin ITDR-connector. If one of these displays is 
connected, the internal loudspeaker of the system must be disconnected! 
The panellink interface connector is a 40 pin Mini Delta Ribbon connector, type 
female. 
 
PIN #  SIGNALS TFT  PIN #   SIGNALS TFT 
1 GND   2 TX2+ 
3 TX2 Shield 4 TX2- 
5 P12V   6 GND 
7 TX1+   8 TX1 Shield 
9 TX1-   10 GND 
11 P12V   12 P12V Shield 
13 P12V   14 TXD 
15 Touch Shield 16 RXD 
17 FPEN   18 TX0+ 
19 TX0 Shield  20 TX0- 
21 P5V   22 P5V 
23 TXC+   24 TXC Shield 
25 TXC-   26 Speaker Out 
27 NC   28 NC 
29 NC   30 NC 
31 NC   32 NC 
33 NC   34 NC 
35 NC   36 NC 
37 NC   38 NC 
39 NC   40 NC 
 





 Connecting Peripherals 
  31 
 
LAN 10/100 
If a network adapter or controller board is installed, the system can be con-
nected to a network (LAN 10/100 Mbit) from the POS terminal back panel. If a 
LAN adapter or controller board is not installed, this location on the back panel 
is closed by a dummy cover. 
 
The connector for the LAN10/100 interface is a 8 pin RJ45 connector, type 
female. 
 
 
PIN #  SIGNALS  
1 TD + 
2 TD - 
3 RD + 
4 NC  
5 NC 
6 RD - 
7 NC 
8 NC 
 
Microphone 
The Microphone connector is a 5 pin  3.5 mm  female connector. 
 
PIN #  SIGNALS  MIC 
1 AGND 
2 MICF 
3 NC 
4 MICF 
5 VREFOUT 
Line Out 
The Line Out connector is a 5 pin  3.5 mm  female connector . 
 
PIN #  SIGNALS  OUT 
1 AGND 
2 LOR 
3 NC 
4 LOL 
5 NC 





Connecting Peripherals 
32   
 
Line In 
The Line In connector is a 3 pin header. 
 
PIN #  SIGNALS  CD 
1 LIL 
2 LIR 
3 AGND 
 
CD-Audio 
The CD-Audio connector is a 4 pin header. 
 
PIN #  SIGNALS  CD 
1 AGND 
2 CDIL 
3 AGND 
4 CDIR 
Speaker Out 
The connector for the speaker is a 5 pin 3.5 mm connector, type female. 
 
PIN #  SIGNALS Out 
1 AGND 
2 LOLAF 
3 NC 
4 LORAF 
5 NC 
 
USB1/USB2 (on board) 
The USB interface contains 2 downstream ports providing the data rates of 12 
MHz for high speed USB peripherals and 1.5 MHz for low speed USB 
peripherals. Only devices equipped with a shielded cable must be connected to 
the USB interface. 
 
USB1, USB2 are standard USB ports, connector series A, male 
 
PIN #  USB1  USB2 
1 P5VFUS1F P5VFUS2F 
2 U1D-  U2D- 
3 U1D+  U2D+ 
4 GNDF1 GNDF2 





 Connecting Peripherals 
  33 
 
KYBD 
Your BEETLE system has a 6-pin mini-DIN jack for connecting a keyboard. 
Make sure that the connector is plugged firmly into the socket to prevent 
malfunctioning. Power is supplied to the keyboard via this socket. If you wish to 
connect a standard PC keyboard with DIN connector, you must use a special 
adapter cable, obtainable from the Wincor Nixdorf International branch office 
responsible for your area. 
 
BEETLE keyboards with PS/2 interface may be connected. 
 
PIN #  KYB/E 
1 KD 
2 MSD 
3 GND 
4 P5VF 
5 KC 
6 MSC 
PS/2 Mouse 
You may connect a PS/2 Mouse via an y-cable to the keyboard connector. The 
cable is obtainable from the Wincor Nixdorf International branch office 
reponsible for your area. 
 
PIN #  Signals PS/2 
1 GNDFKYHL 
2 MSCKF 
3 MSDAF 
4 P5VFKYHL 
 
LPT1 
The standard parallel interface LPT1 is intended for connecting a modular 
printer. 
You will find more information on how to connect other POS printers and more 
POS peripherals (e.g. Cash Drawers) to your BEETLE system in the User 
Manuals that come along with your BEETLE system. 
 
Î  This LPT1 connector is not a part of the D2 Basic CPU. It is a part of the 
LPT adapter cable and available at the rearside of the cabinet. 
 
The LPT1 port is provided with a standard 25 pin D-Sub connector (LPT), 
female. 





Connecting Peripherals 
34   
 
LPT1 
 
 
PIN # 

 

LPT  PIN #  LPT 
1 STRBEN 14 AUTOFN 
2 CEN D0 15 ERRORN 
3 CEN D1 16 INITN 
4 CEN D2  17 SLCTIN 
5 CEN D3 18 GND 
6 CEN D4  19 GND 
7 CEN D5  20 GND 
8 CEN D6 21 GND 
9 CEN D7 22 GND 
10 ACKN  23 GND 
11 PBUSY 24 GND 
12 PE  25 GND 
13 SLCT     
 
 





  BIOS Setup 
  35 
BIOS Setup 
The Celeron / Pentium III mainboard comes with a Phoenix BIOS chip that 
contains the ROM Setup information of your system. This chip serves as an 
interface between the processor and the rest  of the mainboard’s components. 
This section explains the information contained in the Setup program and tells 
you how to modify the settings according to your system configuration. 
 
Even if you are not prompted to use the Setup program, you might want to 
change the configuration of your system in the future. For example, you may 
want to enable the Security Password Feature or make changes to the power 
management settings. It will then be necessary to reconfigure your system using 
the BIOS Setup program so that the system can recognize these changes and 
record them in the CMOS RAM or the FLASH ROM. 
 
The BIOS ROM of the system holds the Setup utility. When you turn on the 
system, it will provide you with the opportunity to run this program. This appears 
during the Power-On Self Test (POST). Press <F2> to call the Setup utility. If 
you are a little bit late pressing the mentioned key, POST will continue with its 
test routines, thus preventing you from calling Setup. If you still need to call 
Setup, reset the system by pressing <Ctrl> + <Alt> + <Delete>.  You can also 
restart by turning the system off and then on again. But do so only if the first 
method fails. 
 
The Setup program has been designed to make it to use as easy as possible. It 
is a menu-driven program, which means you can scroll through the various sub-
menus and make your selections among the predetermined choices. 
 
When you invoke Setup, the main program screen will appear. On the  following 
pages you will read more information about the Setup entries. 
 
Î  NOTE: Because the BIOS software is constantly being updated, the 
following BIOS screens and descriptions are for reference purposes only 
and may not reflect your BIOS screens exactly. 





BIOS Setup 
36   
BIOS Menu Bar 
The top of the screen has a menu bar with the following sections: 
 
 
MAIN  Use this menu to make changes to the basic 
system configuration. 
ADVANCED  Use this menu to enable and make changes 
to the advanced features. 
SECURITY  Use this menu to enable a supervisor 
password. 
POWER  Use this menu to configure and enable Power 
Management features. 
BOOT  Use this menu to configure the default system 
device used to locate and load the Operating 
System. 
EXIT  Use this menu to exit the current menu or 
specify how to exit the Setup program. 
 
To access the menu bar items, press the right or left arrow key on the keyboard 
until the desired item is highlighted. 
Legend Bar 
At the bottom of the Setup screen you will notice a legend bar. The keys in the 
legend bar allow you to navigate through the various setup menus. The 
following table lists the keys found in the legend bar with their corresponding 
alternates and functions. 
 
Navigation Key(s)  Function (Description) 
<F1>  Displays the General Help screen from 
anywhere in the BIOS Setup. 
<Esc>  Jumps to the Exit menu or returns to the main 
menu from a submenu. 
← or → (keypad arrows)  Select the menu item to the left or right. 
↑ or ↓ (keypad arrows)  Moves the highlight up or down between 
fields. 
- (minus key)  Scrolls backward through the values for the 
highlighted field. 
+ (plus key) or spacebar  Scrolls forward through the values for the 
highlighted field. 





  BIOS Setup 
  37 
 
Navigation Key(s)  Function (Description) 
<Enter>  Brings up a selection menu for the highlighted 
field. 
<Home> or <PgUp>  Moves the cursor to the first field. 
<End> or <PgDn>  Moves the cursor to the last field. 
<F9>  Loads the default configuration into Setup. 
<F10>  Saves changes and exits Setup. 
General Help 
In addition to the Item Specific Help window, the BIOS setup program also 
provides a General Help screen. This screen can be called from any menu by 
simply pressing <F1> or the <Alt> + <H> combination. The General Help screen  
lists the legend keys with their corresponding alternates and functions. 
Scroll Bar 
When a scroll bar appears to the right of a help window, it indicates that there is 
more information to be displayed that will not fit in the window. Use <PgUp> and 
<PgDn> or the up and down keys to scroll through the entire help document. 
Press <Home> to display the first page, press <End> to go to the last page. To 
exit the help window, press <Enter> or <Esc>. 
Sub-Menu 
Note that a right pointer symbol appears to the left of certain fields. This pointer 
indicates that a sub-menu can be launched from this field. A sub-menu contains 
additional options for a field parameter. To call a sub-menu, simply move the 
highlight to the field and press <Enter>. The sub-menu then will appear 
immediately. Use the legend keys to enter values and move from field to field 
within a sub-menu just as you would do within a menu. Use the <Esc> key to 
return to the main menu. 
 
Take some time to familiarize yourself with each of the legend keys and their 
corresponding functions. Practice navigating through the various menus and 
sub-menus. If you accidentally make unwanted changes to any of the fields, use 
the set default hot key <F9>. While moving around through the Setup program, 
note that explanations appear in the Item Specific Help window located to the 
right of each menu. This window displays the help text for the currently 
highlighted field. 





BIOS Setup 
38   
 
 
Main screen 
When the Setup program is accessed, the following screen appears: 
 
    
  8086/1130 Rev. ID:  04 
  8086/2440 Rev. ID:  05 
    
 System Time:  [08:14:46] 
 System Date:  [12/20/1999] 
    
  Legacy Diskette A:  [1.44 MB     31/2“] 
  Legacy Diskette B:  [Disabled] 
    
¾ 
Primary Master  [1090MB] 
¾ 
Primary Slave  [None] 
¾ 
Secondary Master  [None] 
¾ 
Secondary Slave  [None] 
    
  Extended Memory:  125  MB 
    
    
 
8086/1130 Rev. ID, 8086/2440 Rev. ID 
This field displays the revision of the i815E chipset. This is a display only field. 
System Time [XX:XX:XX] 
Sets your system to the time that you specify (usually the current time). The 
format is hour, minute, second. Valid values for hour, minute, and second are: 
Hour: (00 to 23), Minute: (00 to 59), Second: (00 to 59). Use the <Tab> or 
<Shift> + <Tab> keys to move between the hour, minute, and second fields. 
System Date [XX/XX/XXXX] 
Sets your system to the date that you specify (usually the current date). The 
format is month, day, year. Valid values for month, day, and year are: Month: (1 
to 12), Day (1 to 31), Year: (up to 2079). Use the <Tab> or <Shift> + <Tab> 
keys to move between the month, day, and year fields. 
 
 
 





  BIOS Setup 
  39 
 
Legacy Diskette A  [Disabled], Legacy Diskette B [Disabled] 
These fields record the types of floppy disk drives installed in your system. 
Configuration options: [Disabled] [720K, 3.5 in.] [1.44M, 3.5in.] 
 
Primary & Secondary Master/Slave 
Î  Note: Before attempting to configure a hard disk drive, make sure you have 
the configuration information supplied by the manufacturer of the drive. 
Incorrect settings my cause your system to not recognize the installed hard 
disk. To allow the BIOS to detect the drive type automatically, select [Auto]. 
 
  
Type: [Auto] 
                                          CHS Format   
Cylinders:  [  2112] 
Heads: [16] 
Sectors: [63] 
Maximum Capacity  1090MB 
                                           LBA Format   
Total Sectors  2128896 
Maximum Capacity  1090MB 
  
Multi-Sector Transfers:  [8 Sectors] 
LBA Mode Control:  [Enabled] 
32 Bit I/O:  [Disabled] 
Transfer Mode:  [Fast PIO 4] 
Ultra DMA Mode  [Disabled] 
SMART Monitoring:  Disabled 
  
 
Type [Auto] 
Select [Auto] to automatically detect an IDE hard disk drive. If automatic 
detection is successful, the correct values will be filled in for the remaining fields 
on this sub-menu. If automatic detection fails, your hard disk drive may be too 
old or too new. You can try updating your BIOS or enter the IDE hard disk drive 
parameters manually. 
Î  Note: After the IDE hard disk drive information has been entered into BIOS, 
new IDE hard disk drives must be partitioned (such as with FDISK) and then 
formatted before data can be read from and write on. Primary IDE hard disk 
drives must have its partition set to active(also possible with FDISK). 
 





BIOS Setup 
40   
 
Other options for the Type field are: [None] to disable IDE devices. 
 
Î  IMPORTANT: If your hard disk was already formatted on an older previous 
system, incorrect parameters may be detected. You will need to enter the 
correct parameters manually or use low-level format if you do not need the 
 
data stored on the hard disk. If the parameters listed differ from the ones 
used when the disk was formatted, the disk will not be readable. If the auto 
detected parameters do not match the ones that should be used for your 
disk you should enter the correct ones manually by setting [User]. 
[User] 
Manually enter the number of cylinders, heads and sectors per track for your 
drive. Refer to your drive documentation or look on the drive for this information. 
If no drive is installed or if you are removing a drive and not replacing it, select 
[None]. 
Cylinders 
This field configures the number of cylinders. Refer  to your drive documentation 
to determine the correct value to enter into this field.  
 
Î  Note: To make changes to this field, the Type field must be set to [User]. 
Heads 
This field configures the number of read/write heads. Refer  to your drive 
documentation to determine the correct value to enter into this field.  
 
Î  Note: To make changes to this field, the Type field must be set to [User]. 
Sector 
This field configures the number of sectors per track. Refer  to your drive 
documentation to determine the correct value to enter into this field.  
 
Î  Note: To make changes to this field, the Type field must be set to [User]. 
Maximum Capacity 
This field shows the drive’s maximum capacity calculated automatically by the 
BIOS from the drive information you entered. 
Multi-Sector Transfers [Maximum] 
This option automatically sets the number of sectors per block to the highest 
number supported by the drive. This field can also be configured manually. Note 





  BIOS Setup 
  41 
 
that when this field is configured automatically, the value set may not always be 
the fastest value for the drive. Refer to the documentation that came with your 
hard drive to determine the optimal value and set it manually. 
Î  Note: To make changes to this field, the Type field must be set to [User]. 
Configuration options: [Disabled] [2 Sectors] [4 Sectors] [8 Sectors] [16 
Sectors]. 
 
LBA Mode Control [Enabled] 
Select the hard disk drive type in this field. When Logical Block Addressing is 
enabled, 28-bit addressing of the hard drive is used without regard for cylinders, 
heads, or sectors. Note that Logical Block Access may decrease the access 
speed of the hard disk. However, LBA Mode is necessary for drives with greater 
than 504MB in storage capacity. Configuration options: [Enabled] [Disabled]. 
32 Bit I/O [Disabled] 
This field setting enables or disables the 32 Bit IDE data transfers. Configuration 
options: [Disabled] [Enabled]. 
PIO Mode 
This option lets you set a PIO (Programmed Input/Output) mode for the IDE 
device. Modes 0 through 4 provide successively increased performance. 
Configuration options: [Standard] [Fast PIO 1] [Fast PIO 2] [Fast PIO 3] [Fast 
PIO 4] [FPIO 3 / DMA 1] [FPIO 4 / DMA 2]. 
 
Other options for Type are: 
[CD-ROM] – for IDE CD-ROM drives  
 
After using the legend keys to make your selections on this sub-menu, press the 
<Esc> key to exit back to the Main menu. When the Main menu appears, you 
will notice that the drive size appear in the field for the hard disk drive that you 
just configured. 
SMART Monitoring 
This field informs about the enabling of the S.M.A.R.T. (Slef-Monitoring, 
Analysis and Reporting Technology) system which utilizes internal hard disk 
drive monitoring technology. This field is read only. 
Installed Memory [XXX MB] 
This field displays the amount of extended memory detected by the system 
during bootup. You do not need to make changes to this field. This is a display 
only field. 
 
 





BIOS Setup 
42   
 
Advanced Menu 
    
  Reset Configuration Data:  [No] 
 Speaker Volume:  [High] 
  Local Bus IDE adapter:  [Both] 
  SMART Device Monitoring:  [Disabled] 
 PS/2 Mouse:  [Enabled] 
  Large Disk Access Mode:  [DOS] 
  Legacy USB Support  [Disabled] 
  ISA graphics device  [No] 
 Boot-Video device  [Onboard] 
 Onboard LAN BootProm:  [Enabled] 
 QuickBoot Mode:  [Disabled] 
    
¾ 
I/O Device Configuration   
¾ 
PCI/PNP ISA UMB Region Exclusion   
¾ 
PCI/PNP ISA IRQ Resource Exclusion   
¾ 
DMI Event Logging   
    
 
Reset Configuration Data [No] 
[Yes] erases all configuration data in a section of memory for ESCD (Extended 
System Configuration Data) which stores the configuration settings for non-PnP 
Plug-in devices. Configuration options: [No] [Yes]  
Î  If you are facing problems after adding or removing any hardware 
components to the system it might be wise to select the [Yes] option once. 
This allows the BIOS to reconfigure available hardware resources.  
Speaker Volume [High] 
This field is for the volume control of the installed speaker. Configuration 
Options: [High] [Middle] [Low]. 
 
Local Bus IDE adapter [Both] 
You can select to enable the primary IDE channel, secondary IDE channel, 
both, or disable both channels. Configuration options: [Both] [Primary] 
[Secondary] [Disabled]. 
 
 





  BIOS Setup 
  43 
 
SMART Device Monitoring [Disabled] 
This field controlls the enabling of the S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and 
Reporting Technology) system which utilizes internal hard disk drive monitoring 
technology. Configuration options: [Disabled] [Enabled]. 
PS/2 Mouse [Enabled] 
With the default setting [Disabled] IRQ12 will be available for installed expansion 
cards. [Enabled] will always reserve IRQ12, regardless whether a PS/2 mouse 
is detected or not. Configuration options: [Disabled] [Enabled]  
Large Disk Access Mode [DOS] 
For UNIX, Novell Netware, or other operating systems you have to select 
[Other]. For DOS or Windows use the value of default [DOS]. Configuration 
options: [DOS] [Other]. 
Legacy USB Support [Disabled] 
This motherboard supports Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices. Selecting the 
default of [Disabled], the USB controller is disabled no matter whether you are 
using a USB device or not. The enabling of the controller will run with the help of 
a USB compliant operating system like Windows 98 or else. If the point stands 
on [Enabled] the legacy USB support from the BIOS is started. Now it is 
possible to use a USB keyboard to start this setup or with the standard DOS 
environment. If you like to use a USB-Floppy disk or a USB CD-ROM device for 
booting, you have to enable this setup point and after detecting of this USB 
device from the BIOS, you have to switch the Boot order to the appropriate 
device. Configuration Options: [Disabled] [Enabled] 
ISA graphics device installed [No] 
Some nonstandard VGA cards may not show colors properly. The settings [Yes] 
should correct this problem. Otherwise, leave this on the default setting of [No]. 
Configuration options: [No] [Yes]. 
Boot-Video device [Onboard] 
The mainboard has an Onboard graphic adapter. If your computer has 
additionally installed a PCI VGA card, this field allows you to select which of the 
cards will act as your primary display card. The default, [Onboard], allows your 
PCI card to take precedents only when no onboard bridge is detected. [PCI-Slot] 
uses the PCI VGA adapter card as primary card. Configuration options: 
[Onboard] [PCI-Slot]. 
Onboard LAN BootProm [Enabled] 
This point switches on or off the PXE PROM from the onboard LAN submodul if 
it is installed. Configuration options: [Disabled] [Enabled]. 





BIOS Setup 
44   
 
QuickBoot Mode [Disabled] 
This setup node speeds up the process of booting the system a lot. 
Configuration options: [Disabled] [Enabled]. 
I/O Device Configuration 
    
 Serial port A:  [Enabled] 
     Base I/O address/IRQ:  [3F8/IRQ 4] 
 Serial port B:  [Enabled] 
     Base I/O address/IRQ:  [2F8/IRQ 3] 
 Parallel port:  [Enabled] 
     Mode:  [Bi-directional] 
     Base I/O address:  [378] 
  Floppy disk controller:  [Enabled] 
    
  TouchScreenRouting:  [Route to COM5] 
  IRQ for COM3+4:  [IRQ 10] 
  IRQ for COM5:  [IRQ 12] 
  IRQ for COM6:  [None] 
    
Serial port A [Enabled], Serial port B [Enabled] 
These fields configure the Serial ports directly. With [Disabled] the port is 
switched off.   Configuration options: [Disable] [Enable] 
Base I/O address/IRQ 
This field sets the address with fixed IRQ for the onboard serial connectors in 
combination with the interrupt used. Serial port A and Serial port B must have 
different addresses. Configuration options: [3F8/IRQ 4] [2F8/IRQ 3] [3E8/IRQ 4] 
[2E8/IRQ 3]. 
Parallel port [Enabled] 
This filed has the same configuration options like the two serial ports.  
Configuration options: [Disabled] [Enabled].  
Mode [Bi-directional] 
This field allows you to set the operation mode of the parallel port.  
Configuration options:  [Bi-directional] [EPP] [ECP] 
Base I/O address 
This field sets the address for the onboard parallel connector.  
Configuration options: [378] [278] [3BC]. 
 





  BIOS Setup 
  45 
 
Floppy disk controller [Enabled] 
This field allows you to activate or deactivate the floppy interface.  
Configuration options: [Enabled] [Disabled]. 
TouchScreen Routing [No Routing] 
Using a TouchScreen you may select routing the touch interface to a serial 
interface port using hardware lines instead of COM1, COM2 or COM5.  
Configuration Options: [No Routing] [Route to COM1] [Route to COM2] [Route 
to COM5]. 
 
BASE 10 address COM [230] 
Configuration options: [210] [230] [250] [270] 
IRQ-for COM3+4 [IRQ 10] 
This Field is available only if the POS board is installed. 
The interrupt lines of the serial Interfaces COM3 (I/O address 3E8h) and COM4 
(I/O address 270h) are both shared and routed to IRQ10 via software 
configuration. You have the options to route to IRQ10 or None. Configuration 
Options: [None] [IRQ 10].  
Î  Refer to “PCI/PNP ISA IRQ Resource Exclusion” for appropriate IRQ-
Reserving 
IRQ-for COM5 [IRQ 12] 
This Field is available only if the POS board is installed. 
The interrupt line of the serial Interface COM5 (I/O address 2E8h) can be routed 
to IRQ5 or IRQ10 via software configuration. Configuration Options: [None] [IRQ 
5] [IRQ 12].  
Î  Refer to “PCI/PNP ISA IRQ Resource Exclusion” for appropriate IRQ-
Reserving 
IRQ-for COM6 [None] 
This Field is available only if the POS board is installed. 
The interrupt line of the serial Interface COM6 (I/O address 328h) can be routed 
to IRQ11 via software configuration. Configuration Options: [None] [IRQ 11].  
Î  Refer to “PCI/PNP ISA IRQ Resource Exclusion” for appropriate 
IRQ-Reserving 
 
 
 





BIOS Setup 
46   
 
PCI/PNP ISA UMB Region Exclusion 
These fields allow you to set some memory areas as [Reserved] for a legacy 
ISA card that uses a memory segment within the CC00 and DFFF address 
range. If you have such a card and you are not using an ICU to specify its 
address range, select one or more memory address from the five available 
options.   
Configuration options: [Available] [Reserved]. 
 
    
  CC00 – CFFF:  [Available] 
  D000 – D3FF:  [Available] 
  D400 – D7FF:  [Available] 
  D800 – DBFF:  [Available] 
  DC00 – DFFF:  [Available] 
    
 
PCI/PNP ISA IRQ Region Exclusion 
These fields indicate whether or not the displayed IRQ for each field is being 
used by a legacy (non-PnP) ISA card. The default value indicates either that the 
displayed IRQ is not used or that ISA Configuration Utility (ICU) is being used to 
determine if an ISA card is using that IRQ. If you install a legacy ISA card that 
requires a unique IRQ and you are not using an ICU, you must set the field for 
that IRQ to [Reserved]. Configuration options: [Available] [Reserved]. 
 
Î  As the BEETLE System needs one IRQ from IRQ9...11 for his own internal 
needs, you are NOT allowed to reserve all three IRQ9 AND IRQ10 AND 
IRQ11. At least one of these three IRQs must be set to [Available]. If you 
are facing problems configuring the system after selecting [Reserved] / 
[Available], use the ´Reset Configuration Data´ function in the Advanced 
Menu to clean up the system. 
 
    
 IRQ 3  [Available] 
 IRQ 4  [Available] 
 IRQ 5  [Available] 
 IRQ 7  [Available] 
 IRQ 9  [Available] 
 IRQ 10  [Reserved] 
 IRQ 11  [Available] 
 IRQ 12  [Reserved] 
    
 





  BIOS Setup 
  47 
 
 
DMI Event Logging 
    
  Event log capacity:  Space Available 
  Event log validity  Valid 
    
  View DMI event log  [Enter] 
    
  Clear all DMI event logs  [No] 
 Event Logging  [Enabled] 
    
  Mark DMI events as read  [Enter] 
    
 
Desktop Management Interface (DMI) is a method of managing computers in an 
enterprise. Using DMI, a system administrator can obtain the types, capabilities, 
operational status, installation date, and other information about the system 
components. An event log is a fixed-length area within a non-volatile storage 
element. 
View DMI event log [Enter] 
This setup point is usefull to display the recorded DMI events like a defect floppy 
disk controller or anything else. If there is an error stored, the BIOS will display a 
message everytime the system is starting up. 
Clear all DMI event logs [No] 
With this point is it possible to clear all the recorded DMI events manualy. 
Event Logging [Enabled] 
If you don’t use the DMI event logging, it is possible to shut off the recording 
mechanism of errors. 
Mark DMI events as read [Enter] 
If you dislike the BIOS error message at system starting up but you like to have 
the errors recorded, mark all DMI events as read. With the next start up of the 
system, the BIOS wouldn’t display a message. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 





BIOS Setup 
48   
 
Security Menu 
    
  Supervisor Password Is:  Clear 
    
  Set Supervisor Password  [Enter] 
    
  Processor Serial Number  [Disabled] 
    
Set Supervisor Password 
This field allows you to set the password. Highlight the field and press <Enter>. 
Type a password and press <Enter>, you can type up to eight alphanumeric 
characters. Symbols and other keys are ignored. To confirm the password, type 
the password again and press <Enter>. The password is now set to [Enabled]. 
This password allows full access to the BIOS Setup menu. 
To clear the password, highlight this field and press <Enter>. The same dialog 
box as above will appear. Press <Enter> and the password will be set to 
[Disabled]. 
Processor Serial Number [Disabled] 
This setup point is displayed only if a Pentium Cpu is installed in the mainboard. 
Some software packagess would like to read the serial number of such a 
processor for protecting their software. 
Power Menu 
The Power menu allows you to reduce power consumption. This feature turns 
off the video display and shuts down the hard disk after a period of inactivity. 
 
    
  Power State:  [Stay Off] 
    
 Power Savings:  [Disabled] 
 Standby Timeout:  [Disabled] 
    
  Resume On Time:  [Disabled] 
 Resume Time:  [00:00:00] 
    
  Wake Up On LAN:  [Disabled] 
¾ 
HardWare Monitor:   





  BIOS Setup 
  49 
 
Power State [Stay off] 
This allows you whether you want your system to reboot after the power has 
been interrupted. [Stay off] leaves your system off and [Restore] reboots your 
system if it was active before power loss. Configuration options: [Stay off] 
[Restore] [Follow AC / Power] 
Power Savings [Disabled] 
This field acts as the master control for the power management modes.  
[Disabled] disables the power saving features. [Enabled] allows you to set power 
Standby Timeout from Disabled to 8 minutes. Configuration options: [Disabled] 
[Enabled]   
Resume On Time [Disabled] 
This allows an unattended or automatic system power up. You may configure 
your system to power up at a certain time. The Wakeup Time is to setup in the 
next field down of this field. Configuration options: [Disabled] [Enabled] 
Wake Up On LAN [Disabled] 
Wake-Up-On-LAN  allows your BEETLE to be booted from another computer via 
a network by sending a wake-up frame or signal. Configuration options: 
[Disabled] [Enabled]. 
HardWare Monitor 
 
    
 CPU Temperature:  44 Û& 
    
  CPU Fan Speed  4448 rpm 
  PowerSupply Fan Speed  2766 rpm 
    
  +VCC   DUA   Voltage    5.29 V 
 -12V   Voltage  13.66 V 
 +12V    Voltage  12.67 V 
  +VCC     Voltage    5.29 V 
  +3.3V    Voltage    3.20 V 
  +3.3V  DUA  Voltage    3.45 V 
  +1.8V    Voltage    1.90 V 
  +VCC ID  Voltage    1.85 V 
  +VBatt    Voltage    3.13 V 
    
 
 
 





BIOS Setup 
50   
 
CPU Temperature [xxC] 
The onboard hardware monitor is able to detect the motherboard and CPU 
temperatures (for supported processors only).  
CPU Fan Speed, PowerSupply Fan Speed (xxxxrpm] 
The onboard hardware monitor is able to detect the CPU fan speed and power 
supply speed in rotations per minute (rpm). The presence of the fans is 
automatically detected.  
Several Voltages [xx.xxV] 
The onboard hardware monitor is able to detect the volatge output by the 
onboard voltage regulators.  
Boot Menu 
    
 +Removable Devices   
 +Hard Drive   
 CD-ROM Drive   
 Network Boot   
    
 
The Boot menu allows you to select from the four possible types of boot devices 
listed using the up and down arrow keys. By using the <+> or <Space> key, you 
can promote devices and by using the <-> key, you can demote devices. 
Promotion or demotion of devices alters the priority which the system uses to 
search for a boot device on system power up. 
Î  Booting from an USB device: Set “USB support”  =  ENABLED 
Exit Menu 
    
  Exit Saving Changes   
  Exit Discarding Changes   
  Load Setup Defaults   
 Discard Changes   
 Save Changes   
    
 
 





  BIOS Setup 
  51 
 
Once you have made all of your selections from the various menus in the Setup 
program, you should save your changes and exit Setup. Select Exit from the 
menu bar to display the following menu: 
Î  Pressing <Esc> does not exit this menu. You must select one the options 
from this menu or <F10> from the legend bar to exit this menu. 
Exit Saving Changes 
Once you have finished making selections, choose this option from the Exit 
menu to ensure the values you selected are saved to the CMOS RAM. The 
CMOS RAM is sustained by an onboard backup battery and stays on even 
when the BEETLE is turned off. Once this option is selected, a confirmation is 
asked. Select [Yes] to save changes and exit. 
Exit Discarding Changes 
This option should only be used if you do not want to save the changes you 
have made to the Setup program. If you have made changes to fields other than 
system date, system time, and password, the system will ask for confirmation 
before exiting. 
Load Setup Defaults 
This option allows you to load the default values for each of the parameters on 
the Setup menu. When this option is selected or if <F9> is pressed, a 
confirmation is requested, Select [Yes] to load default values. You can now 
select Exit Saving Changes or make other changes before saving the values to 
the non-volatile RAM. 
Discard Changes 
This option allows you to discard the selections you made and restore the 
values you previously saved. After selecting this option, a confirmation is 
requested. Select [Yes] to discard any changes and load the previously saved 
values. 
Save Changes 
This option saves your selections without exiting the Setup program. You can 
then return to other menus to make changes. After selecting this option, all 
selections are saved and a confirmation is requested. Select [Yes] to save any 
changes to the non-volatile RAM. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 





BIOS Setup 
52   
Test points codes 
At the beginning of each POST routine, the BIOS outputs the test point error 
code to I/O port address 80h. Use this code during trouble shooting to establish 
at what point the system failed and what routine was being performed. 
If the BIOS detects a terminal error condition, it halts POST after issuing a 
terminal error beep code and attempting to display the error code on the port 
80h LED display (diagnostic card). If the system hangs before the BIOS can 
process the error, the value displayed at the port 80h is the last test performed. 
In this case, the screen does not display the error code. 
 
The routine derives the beep code from the test point error as follows: 
1. The 8-bit error code is broken down to four 2-bit groups. 
2. Each group is made one-based (1 through 4) by adding 1. 
3. Short beeps are generated for the number in each group. 
 
Example: 
  Testpoint  1Ah = 00 01 10 10 = 1-2-3-3 beeps 
 
The following is a list of the checkpoint codes written out to the diagnostic port at 
the start of each test. 
The first beep code inside of the BIOS has 1-long and 2-short beeps. This 
means that there is a problem with the graphic adapter. 
 
POST 
Code 
(Hex) 
Name Description 
02h 
VERIFY_REAL 
IF <in port mode> THEN 
     Turn on A20 
     Reset Processor 
ENDIF 
03h 
DISABLE_NMI 
Disable non-maskable Interrupts 
04h 
GET_CPU_TYPE 
IF <cold boot> THEN 
    Store reset DX value in CMOS 
    Determine CPU manufacturer and 
type 
    Store CPU manufacturer and type in 
CMOS 
ENDIF 
06h 
HW_INIT 
Reset all DMA controllers. 
Disable all video controllers. 
Clear any pending interrupts from the 
RTC 
Set up port 61h to speaker off and timer 
gate enabled. 





  BIOS Setup 
  53 
POST 
Code 
(Hex) 
Name Description 
08h 
CS_INIT 
Set DRAM controller registers to values 
that are needed for DRAM discovery and 
testing. 
0Ah 
CPU_INIT 
Set CPU configuration registers. 
0Bh 
CPU_CACHE_ON 
Turns on the CPU cache. 
0Ch 
CACHE_INIT 
Set L2 cache controller registers to 
values needed for SRAM discovery and 
testing. 
0Eh 
IO_INIT 
IF <onboard super I/O exists> THEN 
    Turn Off LPT and COM ports in super 
I/O. 
    Set I/O controller registers to default 
values. 
ENDIF 
0Fh 
FDISK_INIT 
IF <secondary IDE controllers exists> 
THEN 
    Set secondary IDE controller 
configuration registers 
    to default values. 
ENDIF 
10h 
PM_INIT 
IF <power management enabled> THEN

 

    Set the power management 
configuration registers 
    to default values. 
ENDIF 
11h 
REG_INIT 
Set Cx5520 configuration registers to 
default values. 
Set any other configuration registers to 
default values. 
12h 
RESTORE_CR0 
Return to real mode. 
13h 
PCI_BM_RESET 
Early reset of PCI devices required to 
disable bus masters. Assumes the 
presence of a stack and running from 
decompressed shadow memory. 
14h 
8742_INIT 
Verify 8742 (keyboard controller) is 
responding. Improper connections/timing 
to the 8742. Send self test command to 
8742. 
16h 
CHECKSUM 
Checksum the system BIOS ROM 
IF <checksum is incorrect> THEN 
    Halt. 
ENDIF 





BIOS Setup 
54   
 
POST 
Code 
(Hex) 
Name Description 
17h 
PRE_SIZE_RAM 
Initialize external cache before autosizing 
memory. 
18h 
TIMER_INIT 
Initialize all three of the 8254 timers. 
1Ah 
DMA_INIT 
Initialize the DMA command register and 
all 8 DMA channels. 
1Ch 
RESET_PIC 
Initialize the 8259 interrupt controller. 
20h 
REFRESH 
Copy test code to RAM and execute that 
code looking for refresh bit in port 61h to 
toggle. 
IF <refresh test failed> THEN 
    Halt. 
ENDIF 
22h 
8742_TEST 
Read 8742 self-test results. 
IF <self-test failed> THEN 
    Halt. 
ELSE 
    Read system info from 8742 
    Set 8742 command byte. 
ENDIF 
24h 
SET_HUGE_ES 
Go into protected mode. 
Set ES, DS, SS, FS, and GS to 4Gb. 
28h 
SIZE_RAM 
Determine the size of each DRAM bank. 
Set DRAM controller configuration 
registers to enable DRAM. 
29h 
MEM_MGR_INIT 
Initialize the POST Memory manager. 
2Ah 
ZERO_BASE_RA
M 
Clear the 512k of DRAM. 
2Ch 
ADDR_TEST 
Test for stuck address line in lower 1M of 
address space, 
IF <test failed> THEN 
    Halt. 
ENDIF 
2Eh 
BASERAML 
Test for stuck DRAM data line by walking 
a 1 throug all bit locations of address 0 
and then walking a 0 through. 
IF <test failed> THEN 
    Halt. 
ENDIF 
2Fh 
PRE_SYS_SHAD
OW 
Clears the cache before shadowing the 
system. 
32h 
COMPUTE_SPEE
D 
Determine the CPU core speed by timing 
the execution of a loop. 





  BIOS Setup 
  55 
 
POST 
Code 
(Hex) 
Name Description 
33h 
PDM_INIT 
Initialize the Phoenix Dispatch Manager. 
34h 
CMOS_TEST 
Clear CMOS diagnostic byte. 
IF <CMOS battery is dead> THEN 
    Set “bad battery” flag in CMOS 
IF <CMOS checksum is bad> THEN 
    Set “bad CMOS check” flag in CMOS 
Checksum CMOS 
ENDIF 
ENDIF 
36h 
CHK_SHUTDOWN 
Vector to proper shutdown routine (reset). 
38h 
SYS_SHADOW 
Copy system BIOS ROM to shadow 
RAM. 
3Ah 
CACHE_AUTO 
Detect the amount of SRAM for the L2 
cache. Set L2 cache controller 
configuration registers to enable SRAM. 
3Ch 
ADV_CS_CONFIG 
IF <CMOS is valid (checksum good and 
battery good) THEN 
    Load DRAM controller configuration 
registers with 
    values from CMOS fields. 
ENDIF 
3Dh 
ADV_REG_CONFI
G 
IF <CMOS is valid> THEN 
    Load ISA controller configuration 
registers with 
    values from CMOS fields and load any 
other  
    configuration registers with values from 
CMOS 
    fields. 
ENDIF 
42h 
VECTOR_INIT 
Set interrupt vectors 0-77h to BIOS 
general interrupt handler. 
44h 
SET_BIOS_INT 
Set interrupt vectors 0-20h to correct 
BIOS interrupt handlers. 
45h 
CORE_DEVICE_IN
IT 
Initialize all motherboard devices. 
46h 
COPYRIGHT 
Verify that the Phoenix BIOS copyright 
message is correct. 
47h 
PCI_OP_INIT 
Initialize PCI option ROM manager. 
48h 
CONFIG 
Determine video type to be used and 
store. 
 





BIOS Setup 
56   
 
POST 
Code 
(Hex) 
Name Description 
49h 
PCI_INIT 
Initialize PCI to PCI bridges. 
Reset all PCI devices. 
Send self test command to all PCI 
devices. 
Configure base registers of all PCI 
devices. 
4Ah 
VIDEO 
Initialize all MDA video adapters. 
Initialize all CGA video adapters. 
Execute VGA option ROMs to initialize 
VGA adapter. 
Initialize VSA. 
4Bh 
QUIETBOOT_STA
RT 
Initialize Quietboot if installed. 
Enable IRQ0 and IRQ1. 
4Ch 
VID_SHADOW 
IF <video shadow enabled in setup> 
THEN 
    IF <CMOS valid and last boot 
successfule> THEN 
        Shadow video BIOS ROM. 
    ENDIF 
ENDIF 
4Eh 
CR_DISPLAY 
Display the CPU type and speed on the 
screen. 
51h 
EISA_INIT 
IF <EISA support is enabled> THEN 
    Checksum EISA data NVRAM 
locations. 
    IF <checksum good> THEN 
        Initialize each slot. 
    ELSE 
        Display bad config message. 
    ENDIF 
ENDIF 
52h 
KB_TEST 
Check for return code of AA from 
keyboard self-test, 
IF <return code not AA> THEN 
    Set keyboard error flag 
ENDIF 
54h 
KEY_CLICK 
IF <keyclick enabled and keyboard good> 
THEN 
    Initialize key stroke clicker 
ENDIF 
56h 
ENABLE_KB 
Send command to keyboard controller to 
enable the keyboard. 





  BIOS Setup 
  57 
POST 
Code 
(Hex) 
Name Description 
58h 
HOT_INT 
Check for unexpected interrupts. 
Check for unexpected NMI. 
Enable parity checkers and check for 
unexpected NMI. 
59h 
PDS_INIT 
Register POST display services with 
POST Dispatch Manager. 
5Bh 
CPU_CACHE_OFF 
Disable and WB invalidate CPU cache. 
5Ch 
MEMORY_TEST 
Determine amount of memory below 1M. 
Walk a1 through data bus at 80000h. 
walk a 0 through data bus at 80000h. 
Check for stuck address line from 80000h 
to 8FFFFh. 
60h 
EXT_MEMORY 
Determine total amount of memory by 
doing a read/write test. 
For each 1M block oh memory: 
Walk a 1 through data bus at first location 
of block. 
Walk a 0 through data bus at first location 
of block. 
Check for stuck address line in the block. 
62h 
EXT_ADDR 
Do an extended address line test on the 
entire memory range. 
64h 
USERPATCH 
Code that is patched into the ROM can 
be set up to execute at this point. 
66h 
CACHE_ADVNCD 
Load L2 cache controller configuration 
registers with values from setup screens. 
68h 
CACHE_CONFIG 
Set non-cacheable regions. 
Enable L1 and L2 caches. 
6AH 
DISP_CACHE 
IF <cache RAM size not zero> THEN 
    Display L2 cache RAM size on screen.

 

ENDIF 
6Ch 
DISP_SHADOW 
IF <system BIOS ROM shadowed> 
THEN 
    Display message indicating that the 
system BIOS 
    ROM is shadowed. 
ENDIF 
IF <video BIOS ROM shadowed> THEN 
    Display message indicating that the 
video BIOS 
    ROM is shadowed. 
ENDIF 





BIOS Setup 
58   
POST 
Code 
(Hex) 
Name Description 
6Eh 
DISP_NONDISP 
Display the starting address of the 
nondisposable (run time) BIOS. 
70h 
ERROR_MSGS 
Display error messages for any errors 
found. 
72h 
TEST_CONFIG 
IF <system connfiguration error found> 
THEN 
    Display message indicating 
configuration error 
    detected. 
ENDIF 
74h 
RTC_TEST 
Verify that the RTC is running. 
IF <RTC not running> THEN 
    Set bit in RTC indicating that the time 
is invalid. 
ENDIF 
76h 
KEYBOARD 
IF <keyboard failure detected> THEN 
    Display message indicating keyboard 
failure. 
ENDIF 
7Ch 
HW_INTS 
Initialize hardware interrupt vectors 08h-
0Fh 
7Dh 
ISM_INIT 
Initialize Intelligent System Monitoring 
Support. 
80h 
IO_BEFORE 
IF <integrated super I/O exists> THEN 
    Disable LPT and COM ports on 
integrated super 
    I/O. 
ENDIF. 
81h 
CORE_LATE_INIT 
Late initialization of devices. 
82h 
RS232 
Identify and test all COM ports. 
83h 
CONFIG_IDE 
Configure Fdisk controller. 
84h 
LPT 
Test and ID parallel ports. 
85h 
PCI_PCC 
Initialize PnP ISA devices. 
86h 
IO_AFTER 
IF <integrated super I/O exists> THEN 
    Set integrated super I/O configuration 
to match 
    setup. 
ENDIF 
87h 
POST_CONFIG_M
CD 
Initialize Mother Board Configurable 
devices. 
88h 
BIOS_INIT 
Initialize timeouts, key buffer, soft reset 
flag. 





  BIOS Setup 
  59 
 
POST 
Code 
(Hex) 
Name Description 
8Ah 
INIT_EXT_BDA 
Initialize the extended BIOS data area. 
8Bh 
MOUSE 
IF <mouse support enabled> THEN 
    Setup interrupt vector for mouse. 
    Add mouse support to equipment 
installed flag. 
ENDIF 
8Ch 
FLOPPY 
Test both floppy drives. 
IF <error detected> THEN 
    Display floppy error message. 
ENDIF 
8Fh 
FDISK_FAST_PRE
INIT 
Count and store the number of ATA 
drives in the subsystem. 
90h 
FDISK 
Initialize the hard disk subsystem and 
test. 
IF <error detected> THEN 
    Display hard disk error message. 
ENDIF 
91h 
FDISK_FAST_INIT 
Set timing based on drives attached. 
92h 
USERPATCH2 
Code that is patched into the ROM can 
be steup to execute at this point. 
93h 
MP_INIT 
Create the CPU feature table. 
94h 
DISABLE_A20 
Disable the A20 address line. 
95h 
CD 
Validate bootable CD ROM. 
Prepare CD for CD ROM boot. 
96h 
CLEAR_HUGE_ES 
Store an 8 in the shutdown code byte in 
CMOS. 
Reset the processor. 
97h 
MP_FIXUP 
Create pointer to MP table in Extended 
BDA. 
98h 
ROM_SCAN 
Scan through the ISA option ROM space 
and jump to each option ROM found. 
Shadow PCI option ROMs and initialize 
cards. 
9Ah 
MISC_SHADOW 
Shadow expansion ROM areas that are 
enabled from setup. 
9Ch 
PM_SETUP 
Setup power management if enabled. 
9Dh 
SECURITY 
Initialize Security Engine. 
9Eh 
IRQS 
Enable IRQ 0, 1, 2, and 6. 
9Fh 
FDISK_FAST_INIT
2 
Check and store the total number of Fast 
Disks (ATA and SCSI). 
 





BIOS Setup 
60   
POST 
Code 
(Hex) 
Name Description 
A2h 
KEYBOARD_TEST 
Set NumLock indicator. 
IF <keylock set> THEN 
    Print error message on screen. 
ENDIF 
A4h 
KEY_RATE 
Initialize keyboard typematic rate. 
AAh 
SCAN_FOR_F2 
IF <2 key was pressed during POST> 
THEN 
    Set flag indicating key press. 
    Display “Entering Setup” message. 
ENDIF 
ACh 
SETUP_CHECK 
IF <2 was pressed> THEN 
    Enter Setup. 
ELSE IF <errors were found> THEN 
    Display “Press 7 or 2” prompt. 
IF <2 is pressed> THEN 
    Enter Steup. 
ELSE IF <7 is pressed> THEN 
    Boot. 
ENDIF 
ELSE 
    Boot. 
ENDIF 
AEh 
CLEAR_BOOT 
Clear CMOS bit indicating POST is in 
progress. 
B0h 
ERROR_CHECK 
IF <error were found> THEN 
    Beep twice. 
    Display “Press 7 or 2” message. 
IF <2 is pressed> THEN 
    Enter Setup. 
ELSE IF <7 is pressed> THEN 
    Boot. 
ENDIF 
ENDIF 
B2h 
POST_DONE 
Change BIOS data ares flag to indicate 
POST is complete. 
B4h 
ONE_BEEP 
Beep once. 
B5h 
QUIETBOOT_END 
Reset video: 
Clear screen, reset cursor, reload DAC. 
B8h 
SYSTEM_INIT 
Clear the GDT. 
B9h 
PREPARE_BOOT 
Prepare to boot, clear the screen. 
BAh 
DMI 
Initialize DMI header and substructures. 
C0h 
INT19 
Do INT 19h to load OS. 





  BIOS Setup 
  61 
 
POS Motherboard: BEEP Codes 
 
#  Hex code  Beep code  #  Hex code  Beep 
code 
1 01 
1-1-1-2 
22 16  1-2-2-3 
2 02 1-1-1-3  23 17 1-2-2-4 
3 03 1-1-1-4  24 18 1-2-3-1 
4 04 1-1-2-1  25 19 1-2-3-2 
5 05  1-1-2-2  26 1A  1-2-3-3 
6 06  1-1-2-3  27 1B  1-2-3-4 
7 07  1-1-2-4  28 1C  1-2-4-1 
8 08  1-1-3-1  29 1D  1-2-4-2 
9 09  1-1-3-2  30 1E  1-2-4-3 
10 0A  1-1-3-3  31 1F  1-2-4-4 
11 0B  1-1-3-4  32 20  1-3-1-1 
12 0C  1-1-4-1  33 21  1-3-1-2 
13 0C  1-1-4-2  34 22  1-3-1-3 
14 0E  1-1-4-3  35 23  1-3-1-4 
15 0F  1-1-4-4  36 24  1-3-2-1 
16 10 1-2-1-1  37 25 1-3-2-2 
17 11 1-2-1-2  38 26 1-3-2-3 
18 12 1-2-1-3  39 27 1-3-2-4 
19 13 1-2-1-4  40 28 1-3-3-1 
20 14 1-2-2-1  41 29 1-3-3-2 
21 15  1-2-2-2 
 
42 2A  1-3-3-3 
 
 





BIOS Setup 
62   
 
 
#  Hex code  Beep code  #  Hex code  Beep 
code 
43 2B  1-3-3-4  65 41  2-1-1-2 
44 2C  1-3-4-1  66 42  2-1-1-3 
45 2D  1-3-4-2  67 43  2-1-1-4 
46 2E  1-3-4-3  68 44  2-1-2-1 
47 2F  1-3-4-4  69 45  2-1-2-2 
48 30  1-4-1-1  70 46  2-1-2-3 
49 31  1-4-1-2  71 47  2-1-2-4 
50 32  1-4-1-3  72 48  2-1-3-1 
51 33  1-4-1-4  73 49  2-1-3-2 
52 34  1-4-2-1  74 4A  2-1-3-3 
53 35  1-4-2-2  75 4B  2-1-3-4 
54 36  1-4-2-3  76 4C  2-1-4-1 
55 37  1-4-2-4  77 4D  2-1-4-1 
56 38  1-4-3-1  78 4E  2-1-4-3 
57 39  1-4-3-2  79 4F  2-1-4-4 
58 3A  1-4-3-3  80 50  2-2-1-1 
59 3B  1-4-3-4  81 51  2-2-1-2 
60 3C  1-4-4-1  82 52  2-2-1-3 
61 3D  1-4-4-2  83 53  2-2-1-4 
62 3E  1-4-4-3  84 54  2-2-2-1 
63 3F  1-4-4-4 
 
85 55  2-2-2-2 
64 40  2-1-1-1    86 56  2-2-2-3 
 
 
 





  BIOS Setup 
  63 
 
 
 
#  Hex code  Beep code  #  Hex code  Beep 
code 
87 57  2-2-2-4  109 6D  2-3-4-2 
88 58  2-2-3-1  110 6E 2-3-4-3 
89 59  2-2-3-2  111 6F  2-3-4-4 
90 5A  2-2-3-3  112 70  2-4-1-1 
91 5B  2-2-3-4  113 71  2-4-1-2 
92 5C  2-2-4-1  114 72  2-4-1-3 
93 5D  2-2-4-2  115 73  2-4-1-4 
94 5E  2-2-4-3  116 74  2-4-2-1 
95 5F  2-2-4-4  117 75  2-4-2-2 
96 60 2-3-1-1  118 76 2-4-2-3 
97 61 2-3-1-2  119 77 2-4-2-4 
98 62 2-3-1-3  120 78 2-4-3-1 
99 63 2-3-1-4  121 79 2-4-3-2 
100 64  2-3-2-1  122 7A 2-4-3-3 
101 65  2-3-2-2  123 7B 2-4-3-4 
102 66  2-3-2-3  124 7C  2-4-4-1 
103 67  2-3-2-4  125 7D  2-4-4-2 
104 68  2-3-3-1  126 7E 2-4-4-3 
105 69  2-3-3-2  127 7F  2-4-4-4 
106 6A  2-3-3-3  128 80  3-1-1-1 
107 6B  2-3-3-4 
 
129 81  3-1-1-2 
108 6C  2-3-4-1    130 82  3-1-1-3 
 
 





BIOS Setup 
64   
 
 
 
 
#  Hex code  Beep code  #  Hex code  Beep 
code 
131 83  3-1-1-4  153 99  3-2-3-2 
132 84  3-1-2-1  154 9A 3-2-3-3 
133 85  3-1-2-2  155 9B 3-2-3-4 
134 86  3-1-2-3  156 9C  3-2-4-1 
135 87  3-1-2-4  157 9D  3-2-4-2 
136 88  3-1-3-1  158 9E 3-2-4-3 
137 89  3-1-3-2  159 9F  3-2-4-4 
138 8A  3-1-3-3  160 A0  3-3-1-1 
139 8B  3-1-3-4  161 A1  3-3-1-2 
140 8C  3-1-4-1  162 A2  3-3-1-3 
141 8D  3-1-4-2  163 A3  3-3-1-4 
142 8E  3-1-4-3  164 A4  3-3-2-1 
143 8F  3-1-4-4  165 A5  3-3-2-2 
144 90  3-2-1-1  166 A6  3-3-2-3 
145 91  3-2-1-2  167 A7  3-3-2-4 
146 92  3-2-1-3  168 A8  3-3-3-1 
147 93  3-2-1-4  169 A9  3-3-3-2 
148 94  3-2-2-1  170 AA  3-3-3-3 
149 95  3-2-2-2  171 AB  3-3-3-4 
150 96  3-2-2-3  172 AC  3-3-4-1 
151 97  3-2-2-4 
 
173 AD  3-3-4-2 
152 98  3-2-3-1    174 AE  3-3-4-3 





  BIOS Setup 
  65 
 
 
 
#  Hex code  Beep code 
175 AF  3-3-4-4 
176 B0  3-4-1-1 
177 B1  3-4-1-2 
178 B2  3-4-1-3 
179 B3  3-4-1-4 
180 B4  3-4-2-1 
181 B5  3-4-2-2 
182 B6  3-4-2-3 
183 B7  3-4-2-4 
184 B8  3-4-3-1 
185 B9  3-23-4- 
186 BA  3-4-3-3- 
187 BB  3-4-3-4 
188 BC  3-4-4-1 
189 BD  3-4-4-2 
190 BE  3-4-4-3 
191 BF  3-4-4-4 
192 C0  4-1-1-1 





Abbreviations 
66   
Abbreviations 
AGTL+    Assisted Gunning Transceiver Logic 
APC    Advanced Power Control 
PM    Advanced Power Management 
AT   Advanced Technology 
ATA   AT Attachment 
BGA    Ball Grid Array 
BIOS    Basic Input and Output System 
CPLD    Complex Programmable Logic Device 
CPU    Central Processing Unit 
ECP    Extended Capabilities Port 
EEPROM  Electrical Erasable Read Only Memory 
E-IDE    Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics 
EMS    Expanded Memory System 
EPP    Enhanced Parallel Port 
FSB    Front Side Bus 
GTL    Gunning Transceiver Logic 
IDE    Integrated Drive Electronics 
LAN    Local Area Network 
NA   Power failure 
NVRAM   Non-volatile Random Access Memory 
POS    Point of Sales 
PCI    Peripheral Component Interconnect 
PnP    Plug and Play 
RI   Ring Indicator 
RS   Retail Systems 
SMI    System Management Interrupt 
SMM    System Management Mode 
SMRAM   System Management RAM 
SPGA    Staggered Pin Grid Array 
UPS    Uninterruptable Power Supply 
USB    Universal Serial Bus 
VGA    Video Graphics Array 
WOL    Wake On Lan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 





 

 

 

Published by

 

Wincor Nixdorf International GmbH, 2003  
D-33094 Paderborn 
 
Printed in Singapore 
Order-No.: 01750050912C 

 

Начало этой прекрасной истории мы публиковали тут .

Есть достаточно широко применяемая специалистами утилита KDiag, служащая для диагностики банкоматов марки Wincor Nixdorf. Одна из ее функций  – тестирование работоспособности механизма выдачи денежных средств. Условие запуска – банкомат в этот момент должен находиться в тестовом режиме, а створки сейфа должны быть открыты.

…В результате анализа выяснилось, что подобная утилита, но несколько модифицированная, не только находилась на жестком диске банкомата, но и запускалась в работу. Предположительно, модификация этой утилиты заключалась в снятии того самого ограничения, связанного с обязательным нахождением банкомата в тестовом режиме для осуществления ее запуска.

Возник справедливый вопрос: как данная утилита попала на банкомат? Выяснить это оказалось невозможно – лог-файлы заходов на банкомат и других действий были затерты без возможности восстановления. Пошли другим путем: решено было выяснить, на каких рабочих станциях банка находились данная утилита, ее модифицированная версия и ряд других файлов, следы запуска которых на банкоматах удалось восстановить. Стандартные версии утилиты KDiag обнаружились на ряде ПК, работающие на которых сотрудники были связаны с обслуживанием банкоматов. А полный набор разыскиваемых файлов (точнее, следов их нахождения на съемном носителе, который подключался к этому компьютеру) нашелся лишь на одном ПК. По номеру ПК был установлен его владелец – сотрудник, занимающийся обслуживанием банкоматов и имеющий доступ ко всему их парку, в том числе удаленный доступ посредством использования программы RAdmin.

Снова перед рабочей группой по расследованию инцидента встал вопрос – с чем столкнулись, с инсайдерством либо красивой атакой извне? Больше всего сомнений было связано с тем, что, по собранной из логов информации, необходимые утилиты перекачивались именно с подключенного съемного носителя. Другими словами, человек должен был подойти к компьютеру, находящемуся в пределах контролируемого периметра со СКУДами и системой видеонаблюдения, и подключить к нему съемный носитель. При таком раскладе концепция внешней атаки казалась маловероятной. А с учетом методов и средств, используемых при таргетированых атаках, реализация физического доступа к ПК выглядела уж совсем невероятной, прямо-таки архаичной, ведь разместить нужные злоумышленнику средства на ПК можно было, например, при помощи удаленного управления.  Может быть, ошибка в логах? Вопрос – скорее, риторический, но на него все-таки хотелось получить ответ.

На совещании рабочей группы, занимающейся расследованием инцидентов, был поднят животрепещущий вопрос «брать и колоть подозреваемого или подождать и понаблюдать?». Было принято решение все-таки не торопиться, с помощью специальных автоматизированных средств мониторинга понаблюдать за рабочей станцией, попытаться собрать иные свидетельства и доказательства, а при возникновении малейшей на то необходимости или подтверждения подозрений перейти к более решительным действиям. Группа провела технологические работы для организации дополнительного мониторинга: были установлены программные средства мониторинга, снят образ с рабочей станции подозреваемого в инсайдерстве сотрудника, а рядом с его рабочим местом установили дополнительные средства видеонаблюдения. Все работы проводились в выходной день в режиме строгой секретности.

Результаты мониторинга показали, что подозреваемый  сотрудник является весьма продвинутым пользователем: он создавал на своем ПК виртуальные машины, интересовался составом и характеристиками ряда вредоносных программ, за время наблюдения (а это – чуть больше недели) несколько раз отключал и «сносил» систему мониторинга, процессы которой в операционной системе были замаскированы, и пр. И эти сведения совершенно не совпадали с отзывом о данном сотруднике, полученным от его руководителя, который охарактеризовал его примерно так: «Да он – бывший кондуктор и в компьютерах разбирается не очень хорошо. Мы его взяли только для того, чтобы он чековые ленты в банкоматах менял».

Через пару недель собранная во время внутреннего расследования информация, в том числе данные мониторинга, все необходимые акты, лог-файлы из систем сбора событий, результаты технического анализа образов банкоматов и ПК, была передана с соответствующими комментариями правоохранительным органам, ведущим расследование группы инцидентов. Они обещали взять подозреваемого сотрудника «в оборот». Еще дней через десять банк уволил сотрудника «по соглашению сторон» в рамках плановой оптимизации, направленной на сокращение расходов.

А расследование, вроде бы, начатое правоохранительными органами, затихло. Банк подавал заявления в разных регионах страны. В некоторых из них правоохранительные органы сразу приступали к активным действиям, в других служба безопасности сталкивалась с их категорическим нежеланием открывать уголовное дело (это  аргументировалось тем, что отсутствует состав преступления). В первое время от следователей еще поступали какие-то звонки, уточнения и запросы к членам рабочей группы, но постепенно все сошло на нет. И каких-либо результатов нет до сих пор.

А ведь внутреннее расследование было проведено при участии высококлассных профессионалов, специализирующихся на инцидентах такого рода, материалы этого расследования четко указывали на виновность конкретного человека, были собраны и предъявлены все доказательства. Если сотрудники банка ошиблись, то в чем? А если не ошиблись, почему дальнейшее расследование «ушло в тину»? Хочется верить, что ответы на эти вопросы все-таки будут получены.

Разбор полетов

Уже постфактум банк сделал некоторые выводы и предпринял меры, позволяющие впредь не допускать подобных инцидентов – безразлично, инициированных извне или изнутри. Немаловажным было то, что эти меры не потребовали каких-либо дополнительных затрат.

Обязательное наличие в банке всех инструкций, регламентов и четкость их выполнения. Нехватка суммы, составляющей больше 1 млн руб., при проведении инкассации – это событие, о котором в любом случае необходимо уведомлять службы безопасности и руководство.  В описанном случае это сделано не было, поскольку рядовые сотрудники не получили таких инструкций, не знали, что предпринять, и понадеялись на «русский авось».

Способы подключения к банкоматам. Схемы подключения были пересмотрены. Запрещен прямой доступ к банкоматам, убраны все средства удаленного администрирования и оставлены только штатные средства удаленного рабочего стола.

Аудит и настройка систем безопасности на банкоматах. До возникновения на рынке похожих инцидентов банкоматы, как правило, защищали только физически – усиливали сейфовые замки, прикручивали сами устройства анкерными болтами к полу и стенам, устанавливали системы видеонаблюдения, внедряли процедуры проверки на наличие скиммингового оборудования и т.п. Теперь появилась необходимость в усилении программно-аппаратной части. Были проведены дополнительные настройки штатных брандмауэров на банкоматах, подключены средства контроля над целостностью, изменена схема сетевого взаимодействия банкоматов, усилены средства мониторинга.

Итак, подытожим. Если в какой-либо области прежде никогда не было инцидентов, приводящих к значительному ущербу, то это не означает, что так будет всегда. В мире меняется все, причем довольно быстро. Дабы поспевать за изменениями и всегда быть в тренде по уровню защищенности, надо считать риски и не забывать, что для снижения вероятности возникновения инцидентов далеко не всегда обязательны дорогостоящие, в том числе многолетние проекты – порой достаточно точечных мер.

name=»cutid1-end»>